Cognitive Science

Summer semester in acad. year 2013 - 2014

James Watt's steam engine with centrifugal regulator (its theory

was elaborated by prof. Aurel Stodola)

Lecturer: prof. Ing. Vladimír Kvasnička, DrSc.

Lecture: Monday 12.00 – 13.40 a.m. in classroom 1.29

Seminars: Thursday 16.00 – 17.40 in classroom 1.30a (Ing. L. Clementis)

Thursday 18.00 – 19.40 in classroom 1.30a (Ing. L. Clementis)

Goals of lecture:

Familiarize students of Informatics with basic concepts, techniques, and methods of Cognitive science, and moreover, to demonstrate

possibilities of artificial intelligence in modeling different cognitive activities.

Requirements for successful passing:

(1) During the course of semester to gain 50 points from 2 tests and no unexcused absence from seminars.

(2) Exam – achieve a total score of 50 points from total number of possible 100 points:

(a) max 50 points for 2 tests (2x25=50) during the term

(b) max 50 points from written exam test.

A textbook "V. Kvasnička: Cognitive Science for Informatics", a preliminary still unfinished version in Slovak (pdf

)

A textbook freely available on internet "J. Friedenberg, G. Silverman: Cognitive Science. An Introduction

to the Study of Mind. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 2006" (pdf).

Lecture table of contents

1^st lecture (February 17, 2014)

Contents: An introduction to cognitive science, what is the cognitive science, what is the difference between cognitive science and artificial intelligence, computational hypothesis of cognitive science, symbolic and subsymbolic (connectionist) paradigm of cognitive science, an importance of cognitive science for informatics.

Lecture readings:

· Lecture (pdf)

· Transparencie (pdf)

· Exercises (pdf)

· Silvia Gáliková: Úvod do kognitívnej vedy. Filozofická fakulta Trnavskej university, Trnava 2009. (pdf)

· Silvia Gáliková: Úvod do filozofie vedomia. Filozofická fakulta Trnavskej university, Trnava 2009. (pdf)

· John R. Searle: Is the Brain a Digital Computer? (pdf)

· John R. Searle: Consciousness (pdf)

· Stephen Grossberg: THE COMPLEMENTARY BRAIN A Unifying View of Brain Specialization and Modularity (pdf)

· Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Mind (pdf)

· MIT Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science: An Introduction (pdf)

· A. M. Turing : On Computable Numbers, with an Applicationto the Entscheidungsproblem. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 42 (1937), 230. (pdf)

· A. M. Turing:Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Quarterly Review of Psychology and Philosophy. LIX (1950), 433. (pdf)

· W. S. McCulloch and W. H. Pitts: A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in nervous Activity. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics. 5 (1943), 115 – 133. (pdf)

.

2^nd lecture (February 24, 2014)

Contents: Logical neurons of McCulloch and Pitts, neural networks, basic properties of neural networks, an equivalency between neural networks and finite-state machines, a relationship between symbolic and subsymbolic representation, an impact of neural networks (connectionism) for the philosophy of mind.

Lecture readings:

· Lecture (pdf)

· Transparencies (pdf)

· Exercises (pdf)

· History of neural networks and inspirations from neurobiology (a chapter from a prepared textbook on neural networks) (pdf)

· V. Kvasnička: A relationship between symbolism and connections in cognitive science and artificial science. Presented as a plenary lecture on conference Cognition 2008, Hradec Králové (Czech Republic) September 18-19, 2008 (transparencies pdf, full paper pdf)

· I. Farkaš: Konceptuálne východiská pre model stelesnenej mysle (pdf)

· G. PICCININI: THE FIRST COMPUTATIONAL THEORY OF MIND AND BRAIN. A CLOSE LOOK AT MCCULLOCH AND PITTS’S ‘‘LOGICAL CALCULUS OF IDEAS IMMANENT IN NERVOUS ACTIVITY’’ (pdf)

· S. C. Kleene: Representation of events in nerve nets and finite automata (pdf)

· W. S. McCulloch and W. H. Pitts: A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in nervous Activity. Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics. 5 (1943), 115 – 133. (pdf)

· R. Rojas: Neural Networks. A Systematic Introduction - chapters 1 and 5 (pdf)

3^rd lecture (March 3, 2014)

Contents: Universal Darwinism, evolution as an optimization process on fitness landscape. Coevolution of genes and memes, an introduction to memetics, an evolution of culture. Evolutionary approaches to social systems, prisoner dilemma, an emergence of cooperation, tragedy of the common.

Lecture readings:

· Lecture (pdf)

· Transparencies (pdf)

· Exercises (pdf)

· V. Kvasnička: Molecular Darwinian Evolution In Silico (in Slovak) (pdf)

· V. Kvasnička, J. Pospíchal: ARTIFICIAL CHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR DARWINIAN EVOLUTION IN SILICO, published in Collection (pdf)

· Vladimír Kvasnička: Umelá evolúcia (pdf)

· V. Kvasnid and J. Pospíchal: A Multi-Agent Study of Interethnic Cooperation (pdf)

4^th lecture (March 10, 2014)

Contents: An interrelationship between learning and evolution, Baldwin effect, a plasticity of neural networks, model calculations.

Dawkinns’ memetics, a coevolution of genes and memes, an impact to cognitive science.

Lecture readings:

· Lecture (pdf)

· Transparencies (pdf)

· Exercises (pdf)

· Geoffrey E. Hinton & Steven J. Nowlan: How Learning Can Guide Evolution, Complex Systems, 1(1987), 495-502. (pdf)

· Vladimír KVASNIČKA and Jiří POSPÍCHAL: ARTIFICIAL CHEMISTRY AND REPLICATOR

THEORY OF COEVOLUTION OF GENES AND MEMES, Collection (2007) (pdf)

· Vladimír Kvasnička and Jiří Pospíchal: Replicator theory of Dawkins memes (pdf)

· Vladimír Kvasnička: Memetika “in silico”pomocou multiagentových systémov (pdf)

· Vladimír Kvasnička and Jiří Pospíchal: Simulation of Baldwin effect and Dawkins memes by genetic algorithm (pdf)

5^th lecture (March 17, 2012)

Contents: Reinforcement learning for neural networks, simple applications for agents looking for an exit from labyrinth, simple application for pair desk games, connectionist emergence of a game strategy, an impact to cognitive science.

Lecture readings:

· Lecture (pdf)

· Transparencies (pdf)

· Exercises (pdf)

· Peter Lacko: Emergencia stratégie hry v multiagentových systémoch (PhD thesis, March 2009) (pdf)

· Richard S. Sutton and Andrew G. Barto: Reinforcement Learning I-III. (lecture notes) (pdf1, pdf2, pdf3)

· RICHARD S. SUTTON: Learning to Predict by the Methods of Temporal Differences (pdf)

· Vladimír .Kvasnička: Emergencia stratégie hry (pdf)

· R. S. Sutton, A. G. Barto: Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998 (pdf1, pdf2)

March 24, 2014

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

First test is organized in Monday, March 24, 2014 in 12.00 a.m. (this is a time of lecture) and will be running in classrooms U80.

Test will contain subjects from the first five lectures in an form presented in exercises accompanying each lecture. A derivation of formulae is not a subject of the test. It will contain five examples and the time for its writing is 45 minutes, maximum number of points is 5x5=25.

Written test (pdf)

6^th lecture (March 31, 2012)

Contents: Distributed models of memory, basic properties, holographic distributed representation,

associative memory, sequence of symbols, coding of relations, reasoning, formal languages.

Lecture readings:

· Lecture (pdf)

· Transparencies (pdf)

· Exercises (pdf)

· T. A. Plate: Distributed Representations and Nested Compositional Structure (PhD thesis) (pdf)

· T. A. Plate: Holographic Reduced Representations. IEEE Transactions on Neural Network (1995) (pdf)

· V. Kvasnička, J. Pospíchal: Holographic reduced representation in artificial intelligence and

cognitive science (published in Neurocomputing 2004) (pdf)

· V. Kvasnička: HOLOGRAPHIC REDUCED REPRESENTATION IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND

COGNITIVE SCIENCE (published in Neural Network World 2004) (pdf)

· D. A. Rachkovskij, E. M. Kussul: Building large-scale hierarchical models of the world with binary sparse

distributed representations. Building the world model with binary sparse

distributed representations (unpublished) (pdf)

· V. Kvasnička, J. Pospíchal: Holografická redukovaná reprezentácia v umelej inteligencii a kognitívnej vede

(Kognícia a umelý život, Opava, 2004) (pdf)

7^th lecture (April 7, 2014 )

Contents: Reasoning, syntactic and semantic approaches, natural deduction, semantic tableaux.

Lecture readings:

· Lecture (pdf)

· Transparencies (pdf)

· Exercises (pdf)

· V. Kvasnička: Logika a kognitívna veda (prezebntácia prednášky) (doc)

· V. Kvasnička: Mentálne modely logiky v kognitívnej vede (doc)

8^th lecture (April 14, 2014) Argumentation

Contents: Argumentatrion, logic of argumentation, classification of argumentation..

Lecture readings:

· Lecture (pdf)

· Transparencies (pdf)

· Exercises (pdf)

· Philippe Besnard and Anthony Hunter:A logic-based theory of deductive arguments. Artificial Intelligence (2001) (pdf)

· Philippe Besnard and Anthony Hunter: Elements of Argumentation, MIT Press, 2008 (pdf)

· Douglas Walton: Fundamentals of Critical Argumentation. Oxford, 2006 (pdf)

· Douglas Walton: Dialog Theory for Critical Argumentation. John Benjamin Press, Amstrerdam, 2007. (pdf)

.

9^th lecture (April 28, 2014)

Contents: Revízia poznatkov 355

· Lecture (pdf)

· Transparencies (pdf)

· Exercises (pdf)

10^th lecture (May 5, 2014)

Contents: Symbolická teória Hofstadterovho systému Copycat pre tvorbu analógie

· Lecture (pdf)

11^th lecture (May 12, 2014)

Contents: Nondeductive modes of reasoning: Abduction and induction

· Lecture (pdf)

Second test is organized in Thursday, May 19, 2014, it will be running in classroom 1.40 in 14.00 p.m. in classroom 1.40. (supervised by Ing. L. Clementis)

Test will contain subjects from the next five lectures (from sixth to eleventh lectures) in a form presented in exercises accompanying each lecture. A derivation of formulae is not a subject of the test. It will contain five examples and the time for its writing is 45 minutes, maximum number of points is 5x5=25.

Written exam from the Cognitive Science will be organized in

First term: June 5, 2014 in lecture hall U120 at 13.30 p.m.

Second Term: June 30, 2014 in lecture hall U40 at 10.30 a.m.